The Sarvåstivåda Notion of Dhyåna Factors: Priti, Sukha, Praßrabdhi

作者： 惟善 点击数： 更新时间：2025-08-02 23:34:33

Introduction According to the Sarvåstivåda, there are four dhyånas, each of which consists of two types: upapatti (existence) and samåpatti (attainment). Of the eight attainments (i.e., four dhyånas and four årËpyas), the features of the four dhyånas are described in such a manner that the term “dhyåna” itself has the meaning of “calmness ( 靜 ) and reflection ( 慮 )” and is endowed with tranquility (ßamatha) and insight (vipaßyanå). In addition, each dhyåna is accompanied by some particular factors (a∫ga), and the total number of which in the four dhyånas is eighteen, but in terms of a real entity   (dravya) there are only eleven factors. Among these factors, it is mentioned in the Buddhist sËtras that pr¥ti is one of the factors in the first two dhyånas, while sukha is one of the factors in the first three dhyånas. The Sarvåstivådins, however, establish their own theory asserting that the sukha in the first two dhyånas (hereafter the 1st sukha) is praßrabdhi which is a neither-bodily-nor-mental feeling, while the sukha in the third dhyåna (hereafter the 2nd sukha) is the faculty of happiness (sukhendriya) pertaining to the mental feeling. The Sautråntikas and DårΣ†åntikas insist that sukha in all of the first three dhyånas belongs to bodily feeling (kåyik¥ vedanå), but not to mental feeling. In this paper I shall examine briefly the Sarvåstivåda theory regarding the dhyåna factor of “sukha”, together with its relationship to pr¥ti and praßrabdhi, in comparison with that of the Sautråntikas.

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